Francis m



(No Model.)

I. M. F. CAZIN. ELEGTRIG INGANDESGENT LAMP.

No. 566,285. Patented Aug-18, 1.896.,

F V I fnuentar:

UNITED STATES PATENT EEicE.

FRANCIS M. F. CAZIN, OF HOBOKEN, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR TO J. HENRY BAILEY AND OSMER S. BURR, TRUSTEES FOR S. MARSH YOUN G AND 0. PAUL MAO KIE.

ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 566,285, dated August 18, 1896. Application filed July 24, 1893. Renewed January 23, 1896. Serial No. 576,606. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, FRANCIS M. F. OAZIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hoboken, in the county of Hudson and State of New Jersey, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Electric Incandescent Lamps; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable oth- IO ers skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

In all electric incandescent lamps which are now in general use a filament of carbon, which is to be heated to incandescence, is supported within a bulb or chamber at its ends only in such manner as to leave its main length or body free to move laterally within the said bulb or chamber,for which reason the said filament is subject to frequent vibrations,

due to the ordinary jarring of the building in which the lamps are located, such vibrations causing in many instances the breaking of the filament. In most instances the filament is thus supported in a bulb made entirely of z 5 glass from which the air has been exhausted,

and in some cases the air thus exhausted is replaced by gaseous matter or by vapors, which surround the filament. In all or any of the incandescent lamps now known to the art the o filament is either entirely surrounded by as complete a vacuum as practicable or by a suitable gas or vapor.

The lamp which Ihave devised differs from all the lamps above described in the circum- 3 5 stance that the material adapted and intended to become incandescent is supported upon one side or face throughout its entire.

length by solid material having a high point of fusion. This material is preferably a white 0 non-transparent solid, which becomes incandescent under the influence of heat,and which is selected with a view to utilizing, aside from the incandesence of the film employed, the

dark heat-rays as well, which emanate from the said film under the electric current. In

this manner a higher percentage of the energy applied is utilized and additional light is produced. Outside the said supporting matter,to

which, in the accompanying drawings, I have given the general form of a hemisphere, is a tions.

cap or cover which may be in the shape of a hollow half-globe, .or in any other form suitable to the shape of the solid face to be inclosed thereby, provided only that a space is left between the solid matter supporting the filament and the said cap or cover. The space thus left is then exhausted of air, and I have my material which is adapted to become incandescent supported upon one side or face by solid matter, the said incandescent mate- 6o rial being on such side or face in immediate contact with the said solid and surrounded on the other side or face by a vacuum. Recalling, now, the lamps described in the first paragraph of this specification, it will be understood that the filaments in such lamps are subject to much Wider vibrations than the solid bulbs in which they are supported, this being specially true of all vacuum-lamps such as are now in general use, whereas in my lamp the matter adapted and intended to become incandescent has no motion independent of its solid support. It is also clear that the matter adapted to glow must, in the ordinary lamp of commerce, be a filament or solid 7 5 tenacious piece of carbon, whereas I may employ semiconductive or carbonaceous matter, which can be either painted upon the solid support or embedded in originally plastic form in an intaglio impression therein or in any other suitable manner be made practically integral therewith.

It is evident that the peculiar and novel construction which I give to my lamp lends itself very readily to the purposes of artistic 8 5 beauty or novelty of design, it being possible to arrange my material, which is adapted to become incandescent, in any desired shape upon the solid matter, which shape will be retained so long as the lamp remains unbroken. 0 It is manifest that the incandescent material may be thus arranged in one or several lines upon the solid matter, each line terminating in a pair of circuit-terminals, which can be connected to separate pairs of leading-in wires 5 or to a common pair, as may suit the condi- This constitutes another point of distinction from the lamps of commerce now in use, since the filaments in such loops are so fragile that the number of shapes which can be given to them is very limited, the fact being that there is one standard form, the horseshoe form or looped-horseshoe form prevailing in all the commercial lamps.

My invention will be more fully understood by reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a diametrical vertical section of one form of my improved lamp. Fig. 2 is a view of the same lamp, taken from the side to which the light is intended to be thrown; and Fig. 3 is a section through the line 3 3 in Fig. 1, with a view of the lamp from a point opposite to. the one from which the view in Fig. 2 is taken.

In the lamp here illustrated the solid matter (marked a) is of a general hemispherical shape, with an offset at 0 and a second offset at o The last-named offset forms a seat for a transparent cap or cover 1), preferably of glass, which is here a hollow half-globe. By reason of the offset 0 a space is left between the cap or cover I) and the solid hemisphere a, as is clearly shown in the drawings.

The matter which is adapted to become illcandescent is arranged upon the surface of the hemisphere a or is embedded therein, and may take any shape suggested by the desire of securing ample light or beauty or novelty of design. In the present instance the shape of a spiral or serpentine curve is given to it, the ends of the incandescent matter 0 being secured to leading-in wires at e and f.

The hemisphere at a consists of non-conductive solid matter which may become incandescent under the influence of heat. It is formed at its back into a tube adapted to inclose and insulate the leading-in wires and to fit a suitable lamp-socket and make connection thereby with. the main electric circuit.

It is obvious that the solid non-conducting matter of the base part a, which here appears as a hemisphere, may be of any other desired shape, it being only necessary that there should be surface enough to receive the material adapted to glow and that there should be a space left between it and the transparent cap or cover I).

In completing the lamp the air is drawn out in the usual manner from the chamber between the cap I) and the base a, and the lamp is then ready for use as soon as the leading-in wires have been connected to the terminals of the incandescing material and the proper connections have been made at the socket.

Summing up the characteristics of the lamp hereinbefore described, we have, first, a base of solid non-conducting material, the shape of which may be varied to suit different tastes, needs, or conditions, the said base being provided with a means of attachment to a socket and of insulating and protecting the leadingin wires; second, incandescing material of linear form arranged in any preferred shape or design upon a face of the said base and in immediate contact therewith; third, a cap or cover conforming to the shape of the said base and applied to it in such a manner as to leave a space between the said base and the said cap or cover. These are the chief me chanical attributes of the lamp, and they may be varied in wide limits either severally or as a whole.

It may be mentioned as a fourth characteristic of the lamp that the incandescent matter on its exposed side or face is surrounded by a vacuum, and there only.

Considering the lamp now as an entirety, it is clear that the incandescent portion of it is contained in a structure made in part of material selected mainly for its high degree of fusibility and incidentally for its quality of becoming luminous by heat and in part of material selected on account of its transparency. As examples, respectively, of the two classes of material I may mention porcelain for the base part and glass for the cap part.

. It is to be remembered, however, that the incandescent matter is not wholly surrounded by a vacuum, but is in immediate contact on one side or face with solid non-conducting material.

In the operation of the lamp effective luminous radiation takes place only from the eX- posed side of the filament. At the same time the base serves the several functions of supporting the incandescent matter, of reflecting the light emanating therefrom, and of becoming luminous by the heat emanating from the incandescent matter.

Having now described my invention, I claim 1. An electric incandescent lamp, consisting of a solid base of non-conducting material formed at its back into a tube adapted to inclose and insulate the leading-in wires and to fit a suitable lampsocket and make connections thereby with the main electric circuit, the said base having on its face and integral therewith a linear film or mass of incandescing material, and being a white nontransparent solid adapted to become incandescent under the influence of heat and the said film or mass being so connected with the base as to form a unit therewith and being surrounded on its exposed side by a vacuum, as and for the purpose set forth.

2. An electric incandescent lamp consisting of a solid base of non-conducting material formed at its back into a tube adapted to inclose and insulate the leading-in wires and to fit a suitable lamp-socket and make connections thereby with the main electric circuit, the said base being provided with a cap or cover of highly transparent material and having on its surface and integral therewithalinear film or mass of incandescing material, and being a white non-transparent solid adapted to become transparent under the influence of heat and the said film or mass being so connected with the base as to form a unit therewith, and being surrounded by a vacuum, substantially as set forth.

3. An electric incandescent lamp consistin g of a solid base of White non-transparent material adapted to become incandescent under the influence of heat, the said base having on its surface and integral therewith a linear film or mass of incandescing material, and the said film or mass being so connected with the base as to form a unit therewith, and being surrounded on its exposed side by a Vacuum, substantially as set forth.

4. In an electric incandescent vacuumlamp, a solid body surrounded bya vacuum, bearing, in or on its face and integral there- FRANCIS M. F. CAZIN.

WVitnesses:

G. 1-1. STOGKBRIDGE, O. L. BELCHER. 

